# George B. Moody PhysioNet Challenge

Quick links for this year's Challenge:

The PAF Prediction Challenge Database consists of 50 pairs of half-hour ECG recordings. Each pair of recordings is obtained from a single 24-hour ECG. Subjects in group A experienced PAF; for these subjects, one recording ends just before the onset of PAF, and the other recording is distant in time from any PAF (there is no PAF within 45 minutes before or after the excerpt). Subjects in group N do not have PAF; in these, the times of the recordings have been chosen at random.

The number of subjects in group N is $$n$$ (where $$20 < n < 30$$). The number of subjects in group A is thus $$50-n$$, a number also between 20 and 30.

Event 1 (Screening) is intended to determine if subjects in group A can be distinguished from those in group N. (In other words, can individuals at risk of PAF be identified within a larger population, based on their ECGs?) Since each subject is represented by a pair of consecutively numbered records in the database, entrants in event 1 of the challenge should provide one classification (A or N) for the 50 odd-numbered records only (t01, t03, t05, ... t99). The number of correct classifications (0 to 50) is the event 1 score.

Event 2 (Prediction) is intended to determine if subjects in group A have distinctive and detectable changes in their ECGs immediately before PAF. (In other words, is the imminent onset of PAF predictable in an individual known to be at risk of PAF?) A successful method for doing so should be able to determine which record of each pair of group A records immediately precedes PAF. If the identities of the group A records were known, it would be sufficient to classify these records only; since the goal of event 1 is to identify group A, however, we have not provided this information! Entrants in event 2 of the challenge must therefore classify exactly one of each pair of records in the test set as A (defined as “immediately preceding PAF, if the patient belongs to group A”), and the other as N (defined as “not immediately preceding PAF”). One point is awarded for each correctly classified record pair, so that the event 2 scores range from $$n$$ to 50 (the lower bound is $$n$$ because the group N subjects are always considered correctly classified).

Your entry needs to be prepared in a special text format, which depends on the event you are entering:

• For event 1 (Screening), download this template, and replace the ? characters with your classifications (A or N) for each of the 50 record pairs in the test set.
• For event 2 (Prediction), download this template, and replace the ? characters with your classifications (A or N) for each of the 100 records in the test set.

## Submitting your entry for scoring

Please double-check your entry before submitting it to be sure it is in plain text format, exactly like the template files. HTML-formatted entries will confuse the automated scorer and will not be scored.

To submit your entry successfully, you will need:

• A web browser that supports HTTP uploads, such as Netscape 2.0 or later, or MS Internet Explorer 4.0 or later.

After filling in your e-mail address and password on the entry form. enter the name of the file that contains your correctly-formatted entry (you may use the Browse button to find it), indicate which event you wish to enter, and click on Upload entry.

If you wish to enter both events, you may do so, but you will need to submit separate entries, one in each format, in this case.

## Notes

Please be careful not to submit more than one copy of the same results, since each submission will be counted against your quota of submissions. If this happens inadvertently, please send a note quoting the date and time of the duplicate submission; your submission counter will be adjusted manually if the error can be confirmed.

If you are tempted to try submitting many entries in order to learn about the correct classifications, why not play Mastermind instead? We will reject obvious attempts to circumvent the spirit of the challenge in this way, including entries that do not have the correct number of classifications (50 for event 1, 100 for event 2), entries in event 1 with fewer than 21 or more than 29 N classifications, entries in event 2 that do not have exactly one A classification for each of the 50 record pairs, and large numbers of entries from a single entrant. Delivery of your score may be delayed if you submit more than one entry per event per day.

UNIX versions of Netscape, and possibly other browsers, will allow the user to specify a directory name in the File to upload field of the entry form, but the browser will not transmit anything in this case and will hang until the user interrupts it by clicking on Stop. This behavior is a bug in the browser and cannot be detected or avoided by the PhysioNet web server. Other browsers will detect and disallow attempts to upload directories.

Group B subjects are not explicitly defined in the text. I assume these are Group N subjects?

This is correct. Group B was renamed Group N. There should no longer be any references to Group B. Sorry for the confusion!

We have to put exactly one A under one of the subjects of each even-odd pair in event 2. Does this mean that exactly 50 As and 50 Ns are expected in a submission for event 2 scoring?

This is also correct.

I presume this scoring scheme is produced in order to allow submission for only one of the events, and/or to eliminate the possibility of contradictory submissions for event 1 and event 2, from the same author?

You are welcome to submit results for both events, but they must be separate submissions. Because of the nature of the events, it would be a poor strategy to submit the same classifications in both cases, even if the autoscorer permitted this. In event 1, the goal is to minimize the number of misclassified subjects in both groups, so it would be a mistake to mark one record in each pair as A (unless you really believe that all 50 subjects belong to group A; as stated above, however, there are between 20 and 30 subjects in group A).

In event 2, the goal is to minimize the number of misclassified records in group A only. In this event, it would be a mistake to omit classifying one record in any pair as A, because if that pair turned out to belong to group A, you would forfeit the opportunity to score a point for that pair.

The submission formats for the two events were deliberately designed to be different. This makes it easy for the autoscorer to recognize a result submitted to the wrong event in error, so that such a case doesn’t get counted against your quota of submissions.

Still, one can have a high score on one event and a poor score on the other. How do you treat this?

The two events are really addressing rather different questions, using the same data set. (This, in a nutshell, is one of the principal raisons d’être for PhysioNet: to make it possible for data to be used to address more than one question!) We will award US$500 to the winner of event 1, and US$500 to the winner of event 2. If you win both events, you will receive US\$1000.

Who is eligible to win an award?

To be eligible for an award, you must enter the competition officially (by submitting at least one set of results for scoring, and an abstract describing your work to Computers in Cardiology 2001, no later than the abstract deadline of 1 May 2001). You may submit revised results at any time until noon GMT on 21 September 2001. At that time, the winners will be determined based on the highest scores received by official entrants. The date and time of the submission will be used as a tiebreaker if necessary.

Submissions from members and affiliates of our research groups at MIT, Boston University, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and McGill University are not eligible for awards, although all are welcome to participate.

If you have missed the deadline for submitting an abstract to Computers in Cardiology 2001, we still encourage you to participate unofficially. If you receive a high score, your achievement will be recognized on this web site. If you are able to attend Computers in Cardiology, you will have an opportunity to discuss your work informally with other participants during a workshop session.

Would it be possible to submit my classification result and ask for scoring during the weekend? How long will it take for scoring?

The scoring is performed automatically -- just follow the instructions above for submitting your results. Your score is sent to you by return email immediately.

If your results are not properly formatted, you will receive an email reply that will indicate this; if this happens, please review the instructions carefully and try again. Your friendly challenge organizer reads his email frequently (on the weekends, too), especially as the critical deadlines approach, and promises to answer your questions quickly if you get stuck!

If I would like to submit more than one result for an event, should I use the same file name for each submission of the text file (the default names are template-test-1.txt for event 1 and template-test-2.txt for event 2)?

Definitely, you should choose whatever classification you consider to be more reliable, provided that you are using objective criteria for making the choice. Each pair of records comes from one subject, so for purposes of event 1 the correct classification is by definition the same for both records in the pair: either the subject has PAF (A) or not (N). Please keep in mind that the classifications must be determined by an algorithm, not manually, so if your algorithm produces a confidence level, for example, and you choose the classification with the higher confidence level each time, this is acceptable (your decision is algorithmically determined); but it would not be acceptable for you to decide on subjective grounds which classification to use in each case.